Key Elements and Health Benefits of the Montessori Method

Partner Content
Sep 24
4 min read

Updated: Sep 30

Author: The Montessori School, Murrayfield

The Montessori method, first developed by Maria Montessori in the early twentieth century, is a child-centred approach to education that encourages independence, hands-on learning and respect for each child’s natural development. One of its central features is the carefully prepared classroom environment. Montessori classrooms are designed so that children can move freely and choose their own activities, with materials that are organised and accessible. This arrangement allows the environment itself to guide learning and gives children a strong sense of ownership over their work (Gentaz & Richard 2022). Another important aspect of the method is the way learning is tailored to the needs of each individual child. Instead of following a rigid timetable, teachers observe carefully and introduce lessons when a child is ready, which helps learning to happen at a natural pace (Lillard & Else-Quest 2006; Gentaz & Richard 2022).

The materials used are also distinctive. They are tactile and often self-correcting, such as bead chains or sandpaper letters, so children can spot and fix mistakes themselves and develop problem-solving skills (Lillard et al. 2021). Montessori classrooms are also mixed-age communities, usually spanning about three years. Younger children learn by watching and imitating older classmates, while the older children consolidate their knowledge by helping others (Gentaz & Richard 2022). Instead of relying on rewards or punishments, the approach fosters a natural love of learning. Children are encouraged to work because they are curious and enjoy mastering new skills, rather than because they are seeking praise (Gentaz & Richard 2022). Throughout, attention is given to the whole child. Academic progress sits alongside the development of social, emotional and practical life skills such as cooperation, grace and care for the environment (Gentaz & Richard 2022).

Research suggests that these features have a range of benefits for children’s health and well-being. Mentally, the freedom to work at an individual pace can reduce stress and anxiety, since there is less pressure from testing or direct comparisons with peers (Forbes 2025; Lillard et al. 2021). The long, uninterrupted work periods common in Montessori classrooms also help children develop focus and self-regulation. Over time they build stronger executive function skills such as attention control and emotional regulation, which support long-term mental health (Psychology Today 2023; Gentaz & Richard 2022).

The mixed-age setting promotes empathy and patience, as children practise everyday social interactions and learn to resolve conflicts calmly (Guardian Montessori Academy 2025). Because they make many of their own choices and experience mastery directly, Montessori students also gain a stronger sense of autonomy and self-confidence (Lillard et al. 2021; Forbes 2025). The method can also benefit physical health. Learning in a Montessori classroom is active and often involves movement. Children carry materials, walk on balance lines or manipulate objects as part of their work, which helps coordination and physical development (Murphy 2023; Gentaz & Richard 2022).

Practical activities such as pouring, sweeping, sewing or preparing food refine fine motor skills and encourage good daily habits (Murphy 2023). Many schools include gardening or food preparation, which reinforces healthy eating and regular physical activity (Where Montessori Meets Wellness 2023).Because sensory and physical experiences are woven into academic tasks, children develop a strong connection between mind and body, viewing movement and physical care as a natural part of learning (Where Montessori Meets Wellness 2023). Overall, the Montessori method supports much more than academic achievement. By respecting natural development and encouraging independence, it helps children grow in confidence, focus and resilience. Its emphasis on self-motivation, practical skills and social development nurtures not only intellectual growth but also mental balance and physical well-being (Lillard et al. 2021; Forbes 2025).